George hand smith



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

y Gr. H. SMITH.

APPARATUS FOR STAINING AND COLORING. No. 292,221. Patented'JaJn.22,1884.

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' U'NirED STATES GEORGE HAND SMITH, OF CHELSEA COUNTY OE MrDDEEsEX,ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR s-TAININ'G AND COLORI-Noe.

. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent' No. 292,221, datedJanuary 22, 1884,

l Application ledugust 20, 1883. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, GEORGE HAND SMITH, of Rochester, in the county ofMonroe and Stateof New York, a citizen of the United States of America,now residing at Chelsea, inthe county of Middlesex, England, doctor ofmedicine, have invented certain new and useful improvements in means orapparatus em! ployed in coloring, printing, or producing colors orshadesof colors, or designs, inor upon animal, vegetable, and mineralsubstances,l

production of colors or shades in or upon animal, vegetable, and mineralsubstances-#such as marble, xs'tone, terra-cotta, bone, ivory,

wood, india-rubber, and others-by subject'-V ing those substances, whenthe desiredmarks,

designs, or coloring-matters have been appliedV thereto, 'to rst a dryor relatively dry atmosphere of .suitable temperature, in a closedchamber, and then to a vapor of slightly higher temperature than-thesubstances treated, and whereby such difference of temperature iscapable of being maintained for a sufficient period, the rate ofincrease of that difference of temperature being dependent upon thenature and other conditions of the objects treated,

in order to cause the sinking of the coloringmatter or design or marksinto the substances, andalso to provide means of adjusting or regulatingthe amount of heat employed both in the drying portion of such processand inproducing or inducing penetration of the color or substanceadapted to produce color or such like matter, as welles to facilitateapplication to and removal from the operating-chambers of the matterstreated. For thisv purpose" I provide a central or innerchamber'sur'roundairch`ambers`one without the other-'to pre-`ventradiation, and outside Iprovide suitable wood or othernon-conducting substance with i intervening packing of hair or the likemat(-` tersl adapted to further prevent radiation or loss of heat. Oneor more than one side of al dooror opening, and corresponding doorsoropenings arelikewise formed in the surrounding walls or sides of theheat-retaining airchambers, to allow of access to and removalandreplacement of the contents of that inner chamber. The walls or sidesof the inner or Operatin g chamber rest within atray or trough orshallow recess adapted to contain at the desired time a suitable liquid,such recess being 'formed in or over a closed water or liquid chamber,which closed chamber, with itsn contained' liquid, is heated below bygas-jetsv or other suitable source of heat, capable of bei ug readilycontrolled by valves or such like means. The walls or sides of thesurrounding air-chambers also dip into and have their communication onewith another, and lwith the inner chamber sealed or cut off by dippinginto the liquid in this recess when such is sup plied. `Holes formedbelow the;liquidlevel ofthe trough or recess permit circulation freelynon-conducting packed cover or casingsurrounds the exterior air-chamber.The heat from Ithe gas-jets or other heating means' is. prevented frompassing away too freely by means of suitable curtains or inclosing-wallsbelow the underneath side of the closed heating-chamber. The temperatureof the inner chamber, and also of the closed liquid-heating chamber, isindicated by thermometers placed in communication with those chambers.

In use the substances to be colored or marked or otherwise operatedupon, as already Vdescribed, are placed in the inner chamber, theopening or openings closed. llhis chamber is' then ready within theinclosing air-chambers, and the close-tting doors or covers to' theseare closed, respectively, cuttingoft' at-. mospheric communicationbetween them, and' the outer casing or packed cover is also'made entireby closing the opening thereto; Heat being then appliedby the gas orother heater below the closedv liquid-chamber, heat is imparted tol theinner chamber in y turn for the desired time asa dry orrelativelydryheated atmosphere around the substances to becolored,marked,printed, or similarly treated, to'

this inner chamber .may be formed with or asl of such liquid within thetrough. A suitable IOO sink or induce impregnation of the color or l athin sheet of the same material.

matter to produce color or marking therein. A valve or valves or othersuitable means are operated, cont-rolling a supply of a suitable liquidfrom suitable pipes or conduit in connection with the closedliquid-heating chamber, so as to cause alimited quantity of water orother liquid to bemore orless slowly spread over the iloor of thechambers, cutting otf atmospheric communication, as already mentioned,between them. The vapor now produced is maintained at a slightdifference of heat above that ofthe articles treated within the innerchamber of from TUO to 2", or thereabout, so as to preserve adifferential temperature between such surrounding at# mosphcre and thearticles operated upon sufficient to insure satisfactory results, butnotl suiiicient to cause injurious deposit of moisture thereon, as suchcondensation would be detrimental to the object in view-viz.,penetration of the color or colored design or colorproducing agent intothe substance of the goods or articles-and therefore it is essentialthat the control of the relation of the respective temperatures bereadily adj ustableto a nicety, and this is furthermore insured bysuitable regulators and valves applied to the gas-supply pipes to thepipe of supply of heated water to the iioor of the chambers, and by asupply of cold water suitably controlled by valves in connection withthe closed liquid-heating chamber beneath the door of the inner chamLber, so as to be available for reducing any eX- eess of temperature inthe water contained therein, and consequently the temperature of theinner chamber.

In some instances it is not requisite i'or the liquid supplied to theiioor of the inner chamber to have any communication with or to flowinto the lower parts of the air-chamber surroundingr such inner chamber.

The liquid-heating chamber below the iloor may be in some cases carrieda greater or less distance up t-he outer sides of the air-cham berssurrounding` the inner receptacle to give sufficient head or causesufficient pressure for the iiow of the liquid over such floor.

In some instancesas for large pieces of marbleit may be advantageous ormore convenient iirst to heat the marble in a separate heating-chamberor apparatus by applying heat more directly. In such cases, for safety,the marble or other such large articles should be heated a little higherthan the operatingchamber, so as to be safe from any ill effects ofcondensation from cooling in transferring.

In operation with this apparatus the rate of increase at which I lin dthe relative tcmperatures of the vapor and the articles being treatedshould rise, and the time for which such temperature should bemaintained, depends on the nature of the material and the thickness ofthe articles-for instance, a thick piece of marble, ivory, or othersubstance will require a considerably slower rate of increase per hourthan would be satisfactory for The heat must be allowed greater time topenetrate the greater thickness or substance, and the rate of increaseof temperature must be correspondingly lessened. For instance, while forsome thin or quickly-penetrated substances a rate of increase oftemperature of the vapor in the operating-chamber'and4 of the liquid-vheating chamber of, say, 30 per hour may be advisable and give goedresults, on the contrary, for much thicker bodies, an increase ofone`tenth of a degree per hour may be as fast arise as may safelybepermitted, regard being had to the avoidance ot' condensation ofmoisture on the goods being heated,as already more fully described.Thus, articles of ivory of onefourth of an inch in thickness I havefound to give a satisfactory result when thus treated at a relativeincrease ot' 5 Fahrenheit per hour, the coloring-matter employed being,say, one of the ordinary aniline colors; and when employing as acoloringmatter sulphate of iron, and operating therewith on the surfaceof a piece of marble of one inch in thickness-say, starting at atemperature of 130, at the rate of increase of temperature of flo to 2per hour-that, after about eighteen hours treatment, such as described,goed results were attained.

In the drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal section of the apparatus.Fig. 2 is a transverse section of one-hali` of the same divided down thecenterby the line .r x of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan viewthereof.

a indicates the central or operating chamber for containing the objectsto be treated, as described.

b and c are surrounding air or heat retaining cells or chambers.

d is an outside double wall to the cell c, packed or lagged with hair orother suitable nonlconduetor, the inner skin, d', being metal and theouter skin, cl2, wood.

e represents the water bath, across which lie supports c for the chambera, having holes e2 pierced therein, to facilitate circulation of theliquid in that chamber c.

a represents a tray or trough for the reception of a limited quantity ofwater to be let in from the water bath e, when required, by means of avalve or cock, f, when operated by the wheel f at is a door in thesurrounding wall a3 to the chamber a,- Zf", a door in the surroundingwall b3 to the chamber or cell b, and cZ the like door in the wall (lfor the chamber c.

a5 is a portion of a grating to cover the lower part of the chamber aabove the bottom or tray portion a.

f/ are burners for heating the water bath e by gas supplied by pipes g.

f/i is a gage for regulating the flow of gas.

h 7i h2 are thermometers for indicating the heat, respectively, of theinner chamber, d, the air chamber or cell b, andthe water bath e.

i is the inlet-pipe for supply, and j the outlet for liquid to the waterbath e.

vIO

292,221 g V l a The roofs a, b, and d4 are formed sloping, as shown, inorder to carry down any moisture'condensed thereon. v

In operation, the doors ai', b2, and c2 being closed, the gas-burners gheat the water bath .e, which in turn heats the air-cells b and c andthe central chamber, a'. When vapor is desired in the chamber a, liquidfrom the water bath e is let in by cock j', turned by handle f, andliquid flows over the tray a and vapor arises into the chamber Shouldthe heat of the water bath e be required to be lowered, cold water canbe let in by pipe i' and heated water let out by the pipe j. Thethermometers hand h2, indicating, respectively, the relativetemperatures of the chamber a and water bath e, enable the heat ofthatbath, and consequently that of the vapor or atmosphere inithechamber a, to be regulated to a great nicety. The desired heating havingbeen maintained and completed, as desired, the doors c2 and b2 to theair-cells and the door a2 to the operating-chamber may be opened, andthe objects treated removed or the operation repeated.

Having thus fully described my invention and the manner in which thesame is to be employed, I would have it understoodlthat what I claim isvThe combination, in apparatus employed in coloring, printing, orproducing colors orshades of colors or designs in or upon animal,vegetable, and mineral substances, of an inner operating-chamber, a,with doors a2, liquid-tray a', water bath e, with outlet and supplythereto, the surrounding heat-retaining air cells or chambers b and c,with doors b2 and oz, and walls b3 c, water-cock f, gas-burners g, ortheir equivalents, and means for regulating heat applied, allsubstantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.`

ALFRED DoNNisoN, ALFRED GEORGE B RooKEs.

